Darwin VM

Distribution files

Darwin 8.0.1 (corresponding to Mac OS X 10.4) seems to be the latest available full installer image, at least, until the PureDarwin project produces a new one.
- List of available ISO images
More recent versions of packages are available in source form:
- Open Source website (links by OS release)
- Full list of packages (some aren't linked under any OS release)

Download and extract installation CD image:
- Darwin 8.0.1 (was under “Darwin 8.0.1 Installer CD” on old website)
  - MD5: dbd260dda994093a11c31afbe624aa34
  - SHA-256: a26f9f14795fe0687bd647d41b712464c9a61430736fae4aa0fdb89207e1a62a
- $ gunzip darwinx86-801.iso.gz
Set up QEMU VM:
- $ qemu-img create -f qcow2 darwin.qcow2 10G
Start VM:
- $ qemu -net none -drive file=darwin.qcow2,cache=writeback -cdrom darwinx86-801.iso -boot d
- Other useful qemu options: -m 512 and -enable-kqemu
Installation steps:
- First boot:
  - Select disk
  - ”2” (manual partitioning)
  - ”y” (initialize MBR)
  - In fdisk:
    - > auto hfs
    - Ignore the warning
    - > update
    - > write
    - > quit
  - Enter partition name
  - ”yes” (clean install)
  - ”darwin” (volume name)
  - Continue (reboot)
- Second boot (make sure to boot from CD again):
  - Select disk
  - ”3” (existing partition)
  - Enter partition name
  - ”hfs” (HFS+ filesystem)
  - ”yes” (clean install)
  - ”darwin” (volume name)
  - Wait for installation to complete…
  - Enter root password
  - ”darwin” (hostname)
  - ”3” (spawn shell)
  - # halt
Configure VM for normal startup:
- Remove QEMU flags -cdrom darwinx86-801.iso -boot d

Change QEMU flags: -net user → -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:10022-:22 (pick any port instead of 10022)
Log in to VM, enable SSH:
- # service ssh start
Connect to VM with
- $ ssh -p 10022 root@localhost
Optionally add an alias to host ~/.ssh/config to simplify connecting:
- Host darwin-vm
  HostName localhost
  Port 10022
  User root
- Connect to VM with
  - $ ssh darwin-vm
Install public key to simplify logging in:
- $ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh darwin-vm 'mkdir .ssh; cat >>.ssh/authorized_keys'
Add -nographic to QEMU flags to disable console window, which is no longer required

# echo "alias ll='ls -l'" >>/etc/bashrc
# echo "alias la='ls -lA'" >>/etc/bashrc

Using a temporary disk image to build software helps keep the main disk image file smaller.

$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 scratch.qcow2 10G
Add QEMU flag: -drive file=scratch.qcow2,cache=writeback and boot
Figure out which disk number corresponds to the scratch drive:
- # mount
- # ls /dev/rdisk*
- It's the one that isn't mounted and doesn't have any partitions (sn-suffixed files)
- It's usually, but not always, /dev/rdisk1
# newfs_hfs -v scratch /dev/rdisk1
# reboot
Available as /Volumes/scratch on next boot

The VM sometimes fails to boot with “panic(…): nfs_boot_init failed”; if this happens, restart it.

It breaks support for FAT (and thus the QEMU virtual FAT drive)
- Support for FAT is in the msdosfs package which requires Xcode to build
- An alternative to the virtual FAT drive for transferring files is writing tar archives directly to an unpartitioned drive
- SSH scp is another alternative
Requires:
- corresponding cctools (e.g. initially installed version or cctools-590.42.1, but not cctools-667.3)
- gcc 3.3 (revert if changed with gcc_select 3.3)
Source package: xnu-792.6.76.tar.gz (update to version listed under “Mac OS X 10.4.3”)
- MD5: 854f44519778e8bde4283e275ed154e6
- SHA-256: 35c5ed2f1399c770583a229a733d064dc302ae6327a7fcb40996e1f3c474f568
Building:
- # cd /Volumes/scratch
- # tar xzf xnu-792.6.76.tar.gz
- # cd xnu-792.6.76
- Patch to help build gcc_42-5577:
  - # sed -i.tmp 's/defined *(__i386__)/& || defined(__x86_64__)/' bsd/{machine,sys}/*.h
- # make DSTROOT= install
Reboot. uname -r is now 8.7.0.

Requires updated xnu (xnu-792.6.76).
Source package: Libc-391.2.10.tar.gz (update to version listed under “Mac OS X 10.4.3”)
- MD5: 7a1a08d1b68668fc41916d6cf39182a4
- SHA-256: e90b78d310235544623f26c6f18e27b329b5bc778deab8e57332e8e90ab92f11
Building:
- # cd /Volumes/scratch
- # tar xzf Libc-391.2.10.tar.gz
- # cd Libc-391.2.10
- # sed -i.tmp s/NOTIFY_STATUS_OK/0/g gen/{asl.c,syslog.c}
- Patch to help build gcc_42-5577:
  - # sed -i.tmp 's/defined *(__i386__)/& || defined(__x86_64__)/' include/machine/*.h
- # make OBJROOT="$PWD"/obj install

This is optional.
Source package: dyld-46.16.tar.gz (under “Mac OS X 10.4.11.x86”)
- MD5: a97d4d2a77b3e5f2ff9757007cae0596
- SHA256: cf753c3a2cef239b1334c56603b36d206f54d613daa078ce0f2d73c3e2a0dd82
Makefile: dyld.mk
- Darwin doesn't include Xcode, which is required to build this package. This makefile provides alternative build instructions.
Building:
- # cd /Volumes/scratch
- # tar xzf dyld-46.16.tar.gz
- # cd dyld-46.16
- # sed -i.tmp '/case CPU_TYPE_X86_64:/,/break;/d;/__pthread_tsd_first/d' src/dyld.cpp
- # ln -s libstdc++.a /usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin8/4.0.0/libstdc++-static.a
- # bsdmake -f dyld.mk VERSION_DYLD=46 install

Choice of version:
- cctools-667.3
  - Too new to build xnu.
  - Source package: cctools-667.3.tar.gz (under “Mac OS X 10.5.8”)
    - MD5: 518166e6ddbd0287bebee3d00fddee7d
    - SHA256: 1ba43a3d3bcf138a196e714666927c706857226adccf2e69db4f08e940631c0d
- cctools-590.42.1
  - Too old to build gcc.
  - Source package: cctools-590.42.1.tar.gz (update to version listed under “Mac OS X 10.4.3”)
    - MD5: 6d875c5483699fd0f1e150facae35256
    - SHA256: 61c86c4dc556daafbabebd8162bfbce8214843b218fefbd15c6c1ba03d225a10
Building:
- # cd /Volumes/scratch
- # tar xzf cctools-667.3.tar.gz
- # cd cctools-667.3
- # sed -i.tmp '/install.*strip/{h;s/strip/seg_hack/gp;g;s/ -s / /;}' misc/Makefile
- # sed -i.tmp s/ld_classic/ld/ ld/Makefile
- # make install
The new assembler will often show the warning “indirect jmp without '*'” on code generated by the old GCC.