Darwin VM

1. Darwin 8.0.1 (corresponding to Mac OS X 10.4) seems to be the latest available full installer image, at least, until the PureDarwin project produces a new one.
   • List of available ISO images
2. More recent versions of packages are available in source form:
   • Open Source website (links by OS release)
   • Full list of packages (some aren't linked under any OS release)

1. Download and extract installation CD image:
   • Darwin 8.0.1 (was under “Darwin 8.0.1 Installer CD” on old website)
     • MD5: dbd260dda994093a11c31afbe624aa34
     • SHA-256: a26f9f14795fe0687bd647d41b712464c9a61430736fae4aa0fdb89207e1a62a
   • $ gunzip darwinx86-801.iso.gz
2. Set up QEMU VM:
   • $ qemu-img create -f qcow2 darwin.qcow2 10G
3. Start VM:
   • $ qemu -net none -drive file=darwin.qcow2,cache=writeback -cdrom darwinx86-801.iso -boot d
   • Other useful qemu options: -m 512 and -enable-kqemu
4. Installation steps:
   • First boot:
     • Select disk
     • ”2” (manual partitioning)
     • ”y” (initialize MBR)
     • In fdisk:
       • > auto hfs
       • Ignore the warning
       • > update
       • > write
       • > quit
     • Enter partition name
     • ”yes” (clean install)
     • ”darwin” (volume name)
     • Continue (reboot)
   • Second boot (make sure to boot from CD again):
     • Select disk
     • ”3” (existing partition)
     • Enter partition name
     • ”hfs” (HFS+ filesystem)
     • ”yes” (clean install)
     • ”darwin” (volume name)
     • Wait for installation to complete…
     • Enter root password
     • ”darwin” (hostname)
     • ”3” (spawn shell)
     • # halt
5. Configure VM for normal startup:
   • Remove QEMU flags -cdrom darwinx86-801.iso -boot d

• Change QEMU flags: -net none → -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user

1. Change QEMU flags: -net user → -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:10022-:22 (pick any port instead of 10022)
2. Log in to VM, enable SSH:
   • # service ssh start
3. Connect to VM with
   • $ ssh -p 10022 root@localhost
4. Optionally add an alias to host ~/.ssh/config to simplify connecting:

   • Host darwin-vm

     HostName localhost

     Port 10022

     User root

   • Connect to VM with
     • $ ssh darwin-vm
5. Install public key to simplify logging in:
   • $ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh darwin-vm 'mkdir .ssh; cat >>.ssh/authorized_keys'
6. Add -nographic to QEMU flags to disable console window, which is no longer required

• # echo "alias ll='ls -l'" >>/etc/bashrc

  # echo "alias la='ls -lA'" >>/etc/bashrc

• # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/localtime

Using a temporary disk image to build software helps keep the main disk image file smaller.

1. $ qemu-img create -f qcow2 scratch.qcow2 10G
2. Add QEMU flag: -drive file=scratch.qcow2,cache=writeback and boot
3. Figure out which disk number corresponds to the scratch drive:
   • # mount
   • # ls /dev/rdisk*
   • It's the one that isn't mounted and doesn't have any partitions (sn-suffixed files)
   • It's usually, but not always, /dev/rdisk1
4. # newfs_hfs -v scratch /dev/rdisk1
5. # reboot
6. Available as /Volumes/scratch on next boot

1. The VM sometimes fails to boot with “panic(…): nfs_boot_init failed”; if this happens, restart it.

• It breaks support for FAT (and thus the QEMU virtual FAT drive)
  • Support for FAT is in the msdosfs package which requires Xcode to build
  • An alternative to the virtual FAT drive for transferring files is writing tar archives directly to an unpartitioned drive
  • SSH scp is another alternative
• Requires:
  • corresponding cctools (e.g. initially installed version or cctools-590.42.1, but not cctools-667.3)
  • gcc 3.3 (revert if changed with gcc_select 3.3)
• Source package: xnu-792.6.76.tar.gz (update to version listed under “Mac OS X 10.4.3”)
  • MD5: 854f44519778e8bde4283e275ed154e6
  • SHA-256: 35c5ed2f1399c770583a229a733d064dc302ae6327a7fcb40996e1f3c474f568
• Building:
  • # cd /Volumes/scratch
  • # tar xzf xnu-792.6.76.tar.gz
  • # cd xnu-792.6.76
  • Patch to help build gcc_42-5577:
    • # sed -i.tmp 's/defined *(__i386__)/& || defined(__x86_64__)/' bsd/{machine,sys}/*.h
  • # make DSTROOT= install
• Reboot. uname -r is now 8.7.0.

• Requires updated xnu (xnu-792.6.76).
• Source package: Libc-391.2.10.tar.gz (update to version listed under “Mac OS X 10.4.3”)
  • MD5: 7a1a08d1b68668fc41916d6cf39182a4
  • SHA-256: e90b78d310235544623f26c6f18e27b329b5bc778deab8e57332e8e90ab92f11
• Building:
  • # cd /Volumes/scratch
  • # tar xzf Libc-391.2.10.tar.gz
  • # cd Libc-391.2.10
  • # sed -i.tmp s/NOTIFY_STATUS_OK/0/g gen/{asl.c,syslog.c}
  • Patch to help build gcc_42-5577:
    • # sed -i.tmp 's/defined *(__i386__)/& || defined(__x86_64__)/' include/machine/*.h
  • # make OBJROOT="$PWD"/obj install

• This is optional.
• Source package: dyld-46.16.tar.gz (under “Mac OS X 10.4.11.x86”)
  • MD5: a97d4d2a77b3e5f2ff9757007cae0596
  • SHA256: cf753c3a2cef239b1334c56603b36d206f54d613daa078ce0f2d73c3e2a0dd82
• Makefile: dyld.mk
  • Darwin doesn't include Xcode, which is required to build this package. This makefile provides alternative build instructions.
• Building:
  • # cd /Volumes/scratch
  • # tar xzf dyld-46.16.tar.gz
  • # cd dyld-46.16
  • # sed -i.tmp '/case CPU_TYPE_X86_64:/,/break;/d;/__pthread_tsd_first/d' src/dyld.cpp
  • # ln -s libstdc++.a /usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin8/4.0.0/libstdc++-static.a
  • # bsdmake -f dyld.mk VERSION_DYLD=46 install

• Choice of version:
  • cctools-667.3
    • Too new to build xnu.
    • Source package: cctools-667.3.tar.gz (under “Mac OS X 10.5.8”)
      • MD5: 518166e6ddbd0287bebee3d00fddee7d
      • SHA256: 1ba43a3d3bcf138a196e714666927c706857226adccf2e69db4f08e940631c0d
  • cctools-590.42.1
    • Too old to build gcc.
    • Source package: cctools-590.42.1.tar.gz (update to version listed under “Mac OS X 10.4.3”)
      • MD5: 6d875c5483699fd0f1e150facae35256
      • SHA256: 61c86c4dc556daafbabebd8162bfbce8214843b218fefbd15c6c1ba03d225a10
• Building:
  • # cd /Volumes/scratch
  • # tar xzf cctools-667.3.tar.gz
  • # cd cctools-667.3
  • # sed -i.tmp '/install.*strip/{h;s/strip/seg_hack/gp;g;s/ -s / /;}' misc/Makefile
  • # sed -i.tmp s/ld_classic/ld/ ld/Makefile
  • # make install
• The new assembler will often show the warning “indirect jmp without '*'” on code generated by the old GCC.

• Choice of version:
  • gcc_42-5577
    • Latests gcc_42 package (newer packages are named gcc). GCC 4.2.1. Requires patched system include files, which can be done when upgrading xnu and Libc (see above).
    • Source package: gcc_42-5577.tar.gz (update to version listed under “Mac OS X 10.5.8”)
      • MD5: dab7ad45f76919f058a6f1cf3a0e91d8
      • SHA256: fd6459ab701b41dc1297cdbc27f302c558d766505cfe8dd1d6ec0d257fef0e81
  • gcc_42-5531
    • Slightly older version. Doesn't require any changes to include files.
    • Source package: gcc_42-5531.tar.gz (under “Mac OS X 10.5.8”)
      • MD5: 959ecd224cea2477d57b1c3026fe05ee
      • SHA256: 924862e2092fa11754ec9226a0de4772d831c40500231728055d00d1bb3a632e
• Requires cctools-667.3 and optionally dyld
• Building:
  • # cd /Volumes/scratch
  • # tar xzf gcc_42-5577.tar.gz
  • # cd gcc_42-5577
  • If dyld isn't upgraded, patch to revert debugging format from DWARF to stabs:
    • # sed -i.tmp 's/\(#define PREFERRED_DEBUGGING_TYPE \).*/\1DBX_DEBUG/' gcc/config/darwin.h
    • # sed -i.tmp '/darwin_macho_att_stub/s/Init.*//' gcc/config/darwin.opt
  • # sed -i.tmp '/x86_64/s/|| exit 1//' build_gcc
  • # ln -s true /usr/bin/dsymutil
  • # gnumake RC_ARCHS=i386 install
    • Don't try to set DSTROOT=/, it deletes everything.
  • # cp -pR dst/* /
  • # cp -pR obj/dst-i686-i686/usr/lib/libgcc_s* /usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin8/4.2.1/
• GCC is now installed as gcc-4.2.
  • It can be made default with gcc_select 4.2.